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Stochastic Neural Analog Reinforcement Calculator (SNARC). As the first artificial neural network machine ever built, it seemed like a lost artifact in the history of AI because not much information about it was available. In January 1952 Marvin Minsky, a graduate student at Harvard University Psychological Laboratories implemented the SNARC (Stochastic Neural Analog Reinforcement Calculator). This randomly connected network of Hebb synapses was the first connectionist neural network learning machine that when "rewarded" facilitated recently-used pathways. The SNARC, implemented using vacuum tubes, was possibly the first artificial self-learning machine.