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In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative constant and the units of measurement.[1][2] The principle is described by the physicist Albert Einstein's formula: E = m c 2 {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}}.[3] In a reference frame where the system is moving, its relativistic energy and relativistic mass (instead of rest mass) obey the same formula.