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Crustaceans belong to the order Decapoda. There are over 4500 species of crustaceans worldwide, with nearly 800 species in China, many of which have important economic value. 90% of crustaceans are marine, while the rest are freshwater species. The most important marine species of crustaceans are those in the Portunidae family, such as the three-spined mud crab found in the coastal waters of China and Japan, and the common species of Scylla serrata in the Indian-West Pacific region. The next most important are the snow crabs (Chionoecetes opilio) and their close relatives in the Pacific. A few large edible species of Cancer are also important, with the European Cancer pagurus being the most abundant. In this article, we will focus on the most important commercially fished species worldwide.