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. Natural Genetic Changes in Fungi A) Genetic Mutations Mutations can occur randomly in the fungal genome. These mutations may be caused by UV radiation, chemical exposure, or errors during DNA replication. Some mutations are neutral, some are harmful, and some may enhance fungal traits (e.g., faster growth or disease resistance). B) Genetic Recombination Fungi can gain new traits through DNA exchange during sexual reproduction. Some fungal species also exhibit horizontal gene transfer, where they acquire genes from the environment or even other species. C) Natural Selection In changing environments, fungi with beneficial traits (such as higher temperature or drought resistance) are more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, fungal populations become better adapted to new environmental conditions.